Issue solved. The culprit was the fact that my drive's name had uppercase characters in it.
Step-by-step:
- Aborted the installation.
- Ran the Adobe CS Cleaner Tool to remove the CS6 partial install entirely.
- Changed my internal drive's name to all be lowercase (it would not allow me to set my SSD's main parition to HFS + case sensitive without formatting the disk).
- Rebooted the machine for good measure.
- Ran the installer again.
Works smoothly. Thanks for referring me to the CS Cleaner Tool!